NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) is the coenzyme that carries electrons in cellular redox reactions and is also consumed as a substrate by sirtuins, CD38 and poly(ADP-ribose) po...
Certificate of Analysis included with every order.
Technical Specifications
Purity
≥99%
Form
Lyophilized powder
Storage
-20°C
Molecular Weight
663.4 g/mol (C21H27N7O14P2)
Sequence
Not a peptide: dinucleotide (nicotinamide mononucleotide + adenosine monophosphate)
CAS Number
53-84-9
About NAD+
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) is the coenzyme that carries electrons in cellular redox reactions and is also consumed as a substrate by sirtuins, CD38 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs).[1] Pepitiva supplies NAD+ as a lyophilized powder in 500 mg vials (≥99% purity) for in vitro and preclinical research.
NAD+ identity and specifications
Type of molecule: a dinucleotide (two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups), not a peptide
Tissue and cellular NAD+ levels decline with age in rodents and humans, and in mice the NAD-consuming enzyme CD38 increases with age and is required for this decline.[1][2] Raising NAD+ in old or diseased animals improved several health measures, which has driven interest in NAD-boosting strategies.[3] In people, however, the clinical benefit of raising NAD+ for aging or wellness is still unproven.[6]
For research use only. Not for human consumption.
Quality & Storage
≥99% purity. Lyophilized powder. Storage: -20°C. For research purposes only.
Mechanism of Action
Redox coenzyme and signaling substrate
NAD+ accepts electrons in energy metabolism and is reduced to NADH. Separately, non-redox enzymes break NAD+ down as they work: sirtuins (protein deacylases), PARPs (DNA repair) and CD38 (a NAD-degrading enzyme). Through these enzymes NAD+ affects metabolic pathways, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, cellular senescence and immune cell function.[1]
Age-related decline and CD38
In mice, CD38 expression and activity rose with age, and CD38 was required for the age-related fall in NAD and for the associated mitochondrial dysfunction, in part through reduced SIRT3 activity. CD38 was also the main enzyme degrading the precursor NMN in vivo.[2]
What happens to NAD+ outside the cell
Whether whole NAD+ enters cells is debated. In cultures of human HEK293 cells, extracellular NAD+ was cleaved to NMN, and its further conversion to nicotinamide riboside (NR) was needed before the cells could use it to maintain intracellular NAD. Fetal bovine serum in the medium also degraded NAD+ intermediates, even without cells.[4] Culture conditions therefore matter when NAD+ is added to cells.
Research Applications
What the evidence shows
Animal studies: restoring NAD+ in old or diseased animals promoted health and extended lifespan in several models, mostly with precursors such as NR and NMN.[3]
Intravenous NAD+ in people (2019 pilot): during a 6-hour infusion, NAD+ was rapidly and completely removed from plasma for at least the first 2 hours, with a metabolite profile consistent with NAD+ glycohydrolase and pyrophosphatase activity. The study measured pharmacokinetics only, and some authors were affiliated with an NAD+ wellness company.[5]
Systematic review (2026): of 113 human and rodent studies, oral NR and NMN raised NAD-related metabolites in people, but effects on functional, metabolic and vascular outcomes were mixed and often null. No eligible outcome trial tested intravenous or intramuscular NAD+ itself for anti-aging or wellness.[6]
Laboratory research applications
Enzyme assays: substrate for sirtuin, PARP and CD38 activity assays and for NAD-dependent dehydrogenases.[1]
NAD metabolism in cell culture: extracellular degradation, precursor conversion and uptake studies.[4]
Mitochondrial and aging models: often studied alongside MOTS-c and SS-31, and with B vitamins such as methylcobalamin.
NAD+ in this form is not an approved medicine for any indication. This product is sold for laboratory research only.
Storage & Handling Guidelines
Proper storage and handling are essential to maintain peptide integrity and ensure reliable research results. All Pepitiva Biolabs peptides are supplied as lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder, which provides excellent long-term stability when stored correctly. Store lyophilized peptides at -20°C for long-term storage or 2-8°C for short-term use. Once reconstituted, peptide solutions should be stored at 2-8°C and used within the timeframe specified in the product documentation. Always use sterile bacteriostatic water for reconstitution and handle peptides in a clean laboratory environment to prevent contamination. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as thermal stress can cause peptide degradation and loss of biological activity.
Quality Control & Certification
This product is manufactured under strict quality control protocols and has been verified through comprehensive analytical testing. Each batch undergoes reverse-phase HPLC analysis for purity determination and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for molecular identity confirmation. A detailed Certificate of Analysis (COA) is available for download, documenting purity percentage, molecular weight verification, appearance, and recommended storage conditions. Pepitiva Biolabs maintains batch-level traceability from synthesis through delivery, ensuring complete transparency and quality assurance for your research.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is NAD+?
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its oxidized form. It is a coenzyme for redox reactions and a substrate for sirtuins, PARPs and CD38.
Is NAD+ a peptide?
No. NAD+ is a dinucleotide: two nucleotides (one containing nicotinamide, one containing adenine) joined through phosphate groups. Its formula is C21H27N7O14P2 (663.4 g/mol, CAS 53-84-9).
What is the difference between NAD+ and NADH?
They are the oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms of the same coenzyme. NAD+ accepts electrons in metabolism and becomes NADH.
What is the difference between NAD+, NMN and NR?
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) and NR (nicotinamide riboside) are precursors that cells convert into NAD+. Most animal and human studies of NAD boosting used these precursors rather than NAD+ itself.
Does NAD+ enter cells directly?
This is debated. In human HEK293 cell cultures, extracellular NAD+ had to be broken down to NMN and then NR before the cells could use it, and serum in the culture medium also degraded it.
Does NAD+ slow aging in humans?
That has not been shown. A 2026 systematic review found no eligible outcome trial of intravenous or intramuscular NAD+ for anti-aging or wellness, and mixed results for oral precursors.
How should NAD+ be stored?
Keep the lyophilized powder at −20 °C, protected from light and moisture.
Is this product approved for human use?
No. This product is intended exclusively for in vitro scientific research and laboratory use. It is not approved for human or veterinary use, not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, and should not be administered to humans or animals under any circumstances.
How do I reconstitute this peptide?
Add sterile bacteriostatic water slowly to the vial, directing the stream against the glass wall rather than directly onto the lyophilized powder. Gently swirl the vial until the powder is fully dissolved — do not shake vigorously. The recommended reconstitution volume depends on your desired concentration. Refer to the product documentation for specific guidance.
Can I get a Certificate of Analysis (COA)?
Yes. A Certificate of Analysis is included with every order and is also available for download from the product page. The COA documents HPLC purity, mass spectrometry identity confirmation, batch number, production date, and storage recommendations.
Scientific References
Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. NAD(+) metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021;22(2):119-141. PubMed
Camacho-Pereira J, Tarragó MG, Chini CCS, et al. CD38 Dictates Age-Related NAD Decline and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through an SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism. Cell Metab. 2016;23(6):1127-1139. PubMed
Rajman L, Chwalek K, Sinclair DA. Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence. Cell Metab. 2018;27(3):529-547. PubMed
Kulikova V, Shabalin K, Nerinovski K, et al. Degradation of Extracellular NAD(+) Intermediates in Cultures of Human HEK293 Cells. Metabolites. 2019;9(12):293. PubMed
Grant R, Berg J, Mestayer R, et al. A Pilot Study Investigating Changes in the Human Plasma and Urine NAD+ Metabolome During a 6 Hour Intravenous Infusion of NAD. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019;11:257. PubMed
Gallagher C, Emmanuel OO. NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence. Ageing Res Rev. 2026;116:103057. PubMed
Sources are peer-reviewed publications indexed in PubMed and trial registrations on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each citation was checked against its PubMed record.
For research use only. Not for human consumption.
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