Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide with the sequence Glu-Asp-Arg, also called the EDR peptide.[2][6] It is one of the very short "peptide bioregulators" developed by Vladimir Khavinson's group in Sain...
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Certificate of Analysis included with every order.
Technical Specifications
Purity
≥98%
Form
Lyophilized Powder
Storage
-20°C
Molecular Weight
418.4 g/mol
Sequence
Glu-Asp-Arg
CAS Number
175175-23-2
About Pinealon
Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide with the sequence Glu-Asp-Arg, also called the EDR peptide.[2][6] It is one of the very short "peptide bioregulators" developed by Vladimir Khavinson's group in Saint Petersburg, Russia.[1][2] Pepitiva supplies Pinealon as a lyophilized powder (5 mg vials, ≥98% purity) for in vitro and preclinical research.
Nearly all published studies on Pinealon include Khavinson and colleagues as authors, and several appeared in Russian-language journals.[1][2][3][4][5] Independent replication by unrelated laboratories has not been published.
For research use only. Not for human consumption.
Quality & Storage
≥98% purity. Lyophilized Powder. Storage: -20°C. For research purposes only.
Mechanism of Action
Proposed mechanisms
Oxidative stress: Pinealon limited the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in rat cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils and PC12 cells in a dose-dependent way, and reduced necrotic cell death.[2]
Cell signaling: the protective effect was accompanied by a delayed activation of ERK1/2 and changes in the cell cycle.[2]
Gene regulation hypothesis: the developers propose that the EDR peptide enters cells and binds histone proteins or nucleic acids, which could change the expression of genes such as caspase-3, p53, SOD2 and GPX1. This is a hypothesis summarized in a review by the same group, not an established mechanism.[1]
Research Applications
Preclinical findings
Neuronal spines in an Alzheimer's model: in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons exposed to amyloid toxicity, EDR increased the number of mushroom spines by 71%, back to the normal level.[4]
Prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia in rats: offspring of treated pregnant rats showed better spatial orientation and learning, and their cerebellar neurons were more resistant to oxidative stress.[3]
Human data
Reviews by the developing group describe use of Pinealon and other short peptides in elderly people.[1][5] These reports have not been confirmed in independent, placebo-controlled trials. Pinealon is not approved as a medicine by the FDA or the European Medicines Agency.
Laboratory research applications
Oxidative stress assays: ROS accumulation and cell viability in neuronal cell lines.
Neurodegeneration models: dendritic spine counts in amyloid-toxicity cultures.
Short-peptide comparisons: with the related bioregulator Epithalon, and with neuropeptides such as Semax and DSIP.
This product is sold for laboratory research only.
Storage & Handling Guidelines
Proper storage and handling are essential to maintain peptide integrity and ensure reliable research results. All Pepitiva Biolabs peptides are supplied as lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder, which provides excellent long-term stability when stored correctly. Store lyophilized peptides at -20°C for long-term storage or 2-8°C for short-term use. Once reconstituted, peptide solutions should be stored at 2-8°C and used within the timeframe specified in the product documentation. Always use sterile bacteriostatic water for reconstitution and handle peptides in a clean laboratory environment to prevent contamination. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as thermal stress can cause peptide degradation and loss of biological activity.
Quality Control & Certification
This product is manufactured under strict quality control protocols and has been verified through comprehensive analytical testing. Each batch undergoes reverse-phase HPLC analysis for purity determination and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for molecular identity confirmation. A detailed Certificate of Analysis (COA) is available for download, documenting purity percentage, molecular weight verification, appearance, and recommended storage conditions. Pepitiva Biolabs maintains batch-level traceability from synthesis through delivery, ensuring complete transparency and quality assurance for your research.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Pinealon?
A synthetic tripeptide with the sequence Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR), developed by Khavinson and colleagues in Russia as a short peptide bioregulator.
What is the Pinealon peptide sequence?
H-Glu-Asp-Arg-OH. Formula C15H26N6O8, molecular weight 418.4 g/mol, CAS 175175-23-2.
What does Pinealon do in studies?
In cell cultures it reduced reactive oxygen species and necrotic cell death, and in an Alzheimer's model culture it restored dendritic spine numbers. Human data are limited to reports from the developing group.
Is Pinealon approved?
No. Pinealon is not approved as a medicine in the US or the EU. It is sold here for laboratory research only.
What is the difference between Pinealon and Epithalon?
Both are very short synthetic peptides from the same Russian research group. Pinealon is the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Arg; Epithalon is a tetrapeptide. See Epithalon.
How should Pinealon be stored?
Keep the lyophilized powder at −20 °C, protected from light and moisture.
Is this product approved for human use?
No. This product is intended exclusively for in vitro scientific research and laboratory use. It is not approved for human or veterinary use, not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, and should not be administered to humans or animals under any circumstances.
How do I reconstitute this peptide?
Add sterile bacteriostatic water slowly to the vial, directing the stream against the glass wall rather than directly onto the lyophilized powder. Gently swirl the vial until the powder is fully dissolved — do not shake vigorously. The recommended reconstitution volume depends on your desired concentration. Refer to the product documentation for specific guidance.
Can I get a Certificate of Analysis (COA)?
Yes. A Certificate of Analysis is included with every order and is also available for download from the product page. The COA documents HPLC purity, mass spectrometry identity confirmation, batch number, production date, and storage recommendations.
Scientific References
Khavinson V, Linkova N, Kozhevnikova E, et al. EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules. 2020;26(1):159. PubMed
Khavinson V, Ribakova Y, Kulebiakin K, et al. Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes. Rejuvenation Res. 2011;14(5):535-541. PubMed
Arutjunyan A, Kozina L, Stvolinskiy S, et al. Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2012;5(2):179-185. PubMed
Kraskovskaya NA, Kukanova EO, Lin'kova NS, et al. Tripeptides Restore the Number of Neuronal Spines under Conditions of In Vitro Modeled Alzheimer's Disease. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2017;163(4):550-553. PubMed
Umnov RS, Lin'kova NS, Khavinson VKh. [Neuroprotective effects of peptides bioregulators in people of various age]. Adv Gerontol. 2013;26(4):671-678. PubMed
Sources are peer-reviewed publications indexed in PubMed and trial registrations on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each citation was checked against its PubMed record.
For research use only. Not for human consumption.
Related Peptides
≥98%
Longevity
Epithalon
Epithalon (also spelled Epitalon or Epithalone) is the synthetic tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG)...
